The Salem Witch Trials Of Colonial Massachusetts - 1473 Words

The infamous Salem witch trials of colonial Massachusetts took place between 1692 and 1693. They involved the execution of fourteen women and five men within the brief time period. What is now the New England region had been established by a homogenous Puritan population, which emigrated from England. Abiding by a strict set of beliefs, the Puritans did not accept people of other backgrounds,therefore it might follow that the Salem Witch Trials of New England were a result of the strict Puritan society, which was actually primarily untrue. The Salem Witch Trials were not enacted as a result of Puritanism, but rather as a result of circumstance surrounding Rye. At the surface, the Salem Witch Trials appear to have resulted from the conformist nature of the predominantly Puritan New England society. The Puritans emigrated over to what is now New England, mainly during the â€Å"Great Migration† of the 1630’s. Their society prospered largely due to their homogenous nature. For instance, the Puritans believed that a strong work ethic was crucial to keeping in touch with God, which made the New England colony suitable for sustainable population growth. Since their societies were predominantly Puritan, the society was self-policing, punishing anyone who stepped out of line. There was abundant behavior that to the Puritans was considered â€Å"sinful†, such as not attending church, or amassing wealth. The Puritans also held the belief that the everyone had an inner conflict between good andShow MoreRelatedThe Causes of the Salem Witch Trials (DBQ)1337 Words   |  4 Pagesseem preposterous. Any behavior regarded as strange b y fellow citizens was sufficient to hold a trial with a sentence of death. Though such scenarios seem unfathomable in our modern culture, it was a reality for hundreds of New England settlers. The causes of the famous outbreak of witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts are rooted in social, economic, and political aspects of the late 17th century Salem community. Early New Englanders were unable to accept the increase in diversity and the break inRead MoreEssay on Salem Witch Trials Of 16921061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 In colonial Massachusetts between February of 1692 and May of 1963 over one hundred and fifty people were arrested and imprisoned for the capital felony of witchcraft. Trials were held in Salem Village, Ipswich, Andover and Salem Town of Essex County of Massachusetts, but accusations of witchcraft occurred in surrounding counties as well. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem Village. Hysteria had swept throughRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1552 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚   The Massachusetts Salem witch craft trials, this was a complicated time in history.   With the conflict of the hangings, Salem didn’t have the best compromise. At a time in history when the government didn’t give Puritans religious rights, the Salem Massachusetts witch craft trials began. This conflict led to trails where the government convicted men and woman of practicing witch craft, thus being hanged. Though th is compromise stopped the witchcraft practicing, the government realized those menRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagespeople strongly believed that Satan was present and active on earth. Men and women in Salem Village believed that all the misfortunes that befell them were the work of the devil. For example, when things like infant death, crop failures or friction among the congregation occurred, people were quick to blame the supernatural. This concept first emerged in Europe around the fifteenth century and then spread to Colonial America. Formerly, peasants heavily relied on particular charms for farming and agricultureRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the e xecution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (Elizabeth Clawson) from there was also accused of Witchcraft. These witch huntRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Crisis1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials: Crisis in Salem Village Many people know of the Salem witch trials that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692 spilling over into the year 1693. But for those who do not know, the Salem witch trials were a series of trials against men, women, and children accused of being a witch and or practicing witchcraft. In â€Å"The Devils Snare: The Salem Witch Trials of 1692† by Mary Beth Norton, the author recollects the stories of real life accounts of those accusers andRead MoreThe Devil in the Shape of a Woman by Carol Karlsen Essay examples641 Words   |  3 Pagesin the New England Society. The books thesis is based on why a person was accused of being a witch and the relative circumstances thereof. Marital status, sex, community standing, wealth, and relationships with others all play an important part of a person chances of being accused of being a witch. Karlsen’s words make for a richly detailed portrait of the women who were prosecuted as witches. The witch hunting hysteria seized New England in the late seventeenth century. Why were those and otherRead MoreThe Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem witch trials were a series of different court trials. They occurred after a group of young girls were claimed to be possessed by the devil. These individuals experienced hallucinations. Some of the suspects explained the attacks as if bugs were crawling under their skin. When the outbreak began to spread, the government proceeded to accuse multiple people in the colony of witchcraft. This is how the Salem witch trials came to be. The trials took place in colonial Massachusetts. AccordingRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And Religious Superstition1411 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century in colonial Salem, Massachusetts, two girls began acting in an uncanny manner. These girls then accused two woman and a slave for being witches; which caused the town of Salem to emerge into a period of witch cleansing. Mostly, the people of Salem were Puritans who found many different reasons to accuse one of being a witch. The start of the witch trials began in 1692 and ended in 1693 by Governor Phips; whose wife was prosecuted as a witch. These Salem Witch Trials began by religious

Homelessness An Epidemic Across The United States

Homelessness has become an epidemic across the United States of America over the past 40 years. Despite the fact that most individuals are reminded of this problem on a daily basis when they see those without homes on the street, few solutions have been implemented that would fix the causes of this horrendous issue. Funding for programs that assist the homeless and homeless prevention programs is abysmal, while the costs incurred due to such a large homeless population continue to rise. Over the past century, a variety of acts and programs have been put in place that has dramatically affected the homeless population of the time, both positively and negatively. This problem can be directly linked to the outcomes of these acts and programs. In order to attack the root cause, the American population needs to look back at the history of homelessness and increase our awareness of what is truly preventing the homeless from mobilizing. Although homelessness is an issue that most people admi t exists, few want to come together and be a catalyst for change. Many people just want the problem to disappear because it inconveniences them, but their preconceived ideas about homelessness stop them from doing anything about the unhoused. According to Utah’s Comprehensive Report on Homelessness (2014), most of the conceptions we have about the homeless are actually myths with little basis in fact. One of these myths is that the majority of people without a home are chronically homeless.Show MoreRelatedHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is an epidemic that plagues many people across the United States for many different reasons. However, for young people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, living homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudicesRead MoreHomelessness in America Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness in America Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever- growingRead More Homelessness in america Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. LastRead MoreEssay on Solving Homelessness1416 Words   |  6 PagesSolving Homelessness Nationwide homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways an individual can become homeless, for the most part it is poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of environments, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever-growing homeless population, and how much money it costs us for others to live in poverty. A way we can help find the solution to this problem, is to know the facts about this lingeringRead MoreHomelessness : The Problem Of Homelessness793 Words   |  4 PagesEverywhere you turn in the United States people are sitting on the corners of streets asking for assistance or digging in trash cans for meals. The epidemic of homelessness in the United States has reached an all-time high since the 1990’s. Unfortunately, the adage of people chose to be homeless was not accounting for families that live paycheck to paycheck and lose their job and therefore their housing because it is unavoidab le. Alternatively, many individuals that are homeless have some type ofRead MoreThe Homelessness Epidemic Of Homelessness1958 Words   |  8 Pages The Homelessness Epidemic According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, approximately 564,708 people were homeless on a single night in January of 2015 in the United States (â€Å"The State of Homelessness in 2016†). It is estimated that 250,000 people who suffer from Mental Health illnesses are homeless (Torrey). Providing affordable housing, and access to mental health services for the homeless population are essential components to end the homeless epidemic. Homelessness can be definedRead MorePoverty And Poverty1399 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is an epidemic problem that faces many American’s and families across the United States, especially in Detroit. You may see homeless people sleeping in the underpasses of freeways or walking and sitting on street corners or holding up a sign asking for some support for their next meal. We all have seen homeless individuals and thought it was not our problem for their circumstances or maybe had a belief he/she was lying about their situation. Many of us make a choice to give moneyRead MoreHomelessness Is A Social Problem1459 Words   |  6 PagesOn any given night there are over 600,000 individuals experiencing homelessness across America (State of Homelessness, 2014). Some may be in transitional housing, others in shelters. Some may be completely on their own or with a companion of sorts, others are entire families lacking shelter, food, and basic everyday essentials more fortuna te people take for granted. It is hard for anyone to believe that living on the streets could be a reality. The majority of homeless people have been driven intoRead MoreReducing Food Insecurity On Their Campus Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesinsecurity issue, for it may play a pivotal experience in a growing adult. Financial struggle shapes character and allows people to appreciate things more. Those components are indeed true, but to ignore the fact that food insecurity itself is becoming an epidemic on college campuses is like saying a person shooting a gun at point-blank is going to miss. Food insecurity at UCI and other colleges is an issue not widely addressed to the public. It often goes overlooked and jokes about the broke college studentRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population Essay1703 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness affects millions of people every year. Homelessness is an endless epidemic that continues to grow. There isn’t one specific causal factor to this every increasing population. Individuals experiencing homelessness come from various backgrounds and cultures physically, financially, and emotionally. They could be considered the melting pot for diversity. Often times individuals experiencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the contributing factors to the

Business Law Australian Landmark

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Australian Landmark. Answer: Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge Willemstad (1976) 11 ALR 227 This case was the landmark Australian case as a result of which an exception to the general rule which grants recuperation for pure economic loss was not allowed. The exception took place in certain situations where the defendant could rationally anticipate that a particular person, as different individual from a general class of individuals, would have to suffer and compensate for the monetary harm which took place as a result of their behavior. Further, the key Facts, issues, laws and applicability of the case would be discussed so as to display the significance of the same (Webstroke Law, 2016). Facts of the Case A Processing contract was initiated between Australian Oil Refining Pty Ltd (AOR) and Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd (Caltex). According to this agreement AOR refined crude oil was transported to its factory on the southern shore of Botany Bay of Catlex, and then it transports the advanced goods back to Caltexs oil workstation on the northern shore of Botany bay by the help of a tube that ran under Bay. AOR owned the tube. Under the provisions of the contract Caltex preserved the ownership of the oil in its numerous forms, and AOR was accountable for the danger of harm or damage to the oil as it passed through its tube. The Dredge Willemstad was being utilized to scour a water channel in the Bay when it wrecked the tube on 26 October 1971. The workers of the dredge were aware of the tube issue. The loss was caused because: The track plotter chart which was offered by Decca Survey Australia Ltd erroneously depicted the area for dredging and The workers of the Dredge botched to recognize the fault in the track plotter chart and also to verify their position by conservative means. In order to recover the damages,AOR filed a petition against both the workers of the dredge and Decca which comprises of the reimbursement for the harm caused to the tube and the goods which were incorporated in it. The Supreme Court of New South Wales decided that both the workers of the dredge and Decca were lawfully responsible for the loss which was caused and so, they would have to grant compensation of $125,000 to AOR. Caltex also at the other hand filed a petition against the workers of dredge and Decca in carelessness to recuperate reimbursement for the expenses it acquire in having to arrange it as a substitute means of conveying petroleum goods until the tube was renovated. The Supreme Court rejected this assertion on the basis that Caltex did not own the land which was damaged by dredge and that the damage which was experienced by Caltex was a pure economic loss. Caltex appealed this decision to the High Court. Legal Issues Was Caltexs pure economic loss was recoverable in an action which was brought for the act of negligence or not? The loss was pure economic loss and not substantial economic loss which would have been recoverable because it was not a loss that streamed out from the physical injury which was caused to Caltexs land or individual. The tribunals had formerly been disinclined to permit the recuperation of pure economic loss for policy reasons, including the outlook of undefined legal responsibility. Rule and Relevant Law According to the tort law of Australia, Pure Economic Loss has been defined as the pecuniary harm which was experienced as the consequence of the act of negligence on the part of another person which was not escorted by any physical damage to an individual or land (Stephen Wawn Associated, 2016). As per the old approach a pure economic loss was differentiated from a momentous economic loss; but as per the present law of the state it was stated that the remarkable case of Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd in the year 1964, have modified the law in order to permit the revitalization of pure economic loss resulting from any negligent words (Law Teacher, 2016). Though, an obligation of concern in this context could not arise simply from reasonable foresee ability there were other exceptional stipulations. Similarly, Negligence has been defined to be taken place in the circumstances where one individual owes to another person an obligation of concern, carelessness was occurring or failing to do something that a sensible individual would or would not carry out as it causes to another individual harm or failure as an end result (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016) (Marshall Gibson Lawyers, 2012). Application As per the general rule the adjudicator stated that economic loss which was not substantial upon the impairment which was caused to the plaintiffs workers or land was disregarded; because of the fact that, the failure which was anticipated was not sufficient to make purely economic loss recoverable (Gillies, 2004). Although, it was organized by the judges to generate an exemption to the general rule but in doing so, he preferred an approach to the issue which would not form the angle of isolation in informal or policy conditions of harm as it was done in the case of Hedley Berne by way of restricting the obligation of concern. This specific complexity in designing a restricted obligation of care has not taken place in the case of Hedley Byrne which was a kind of case where this method was previously utilized, because in all those matters the plaintiff has been the only predictable injured party. The constituents which were required in order to make a decision of the matters in which it does occur was a practicable general meaning of "limited class". At present the tribunal did not observe any manner of attaining this. The term would possibly have to be distinctively defined from case to case. From this point of view the obligation of care approach was slight more striking than the isolation approach which requires case-by-case meaning of "predictable and significant" (Dietrich, 2000). It was recognized by the judges in this matter that Decca and the workers were fascinated in the dredge which had the indispensable way of skill having regard to the specific elements of the association among the parties in this specific case (Chircop, et al, 2012). The approach of obligation of concern was adopted by the court, but unlike some of the adjudicators, it does not make an exemption to the S.C.M. v Whittall rule for the recuperation of purely economic loss. Rather it generates an innovative rule to substitute it. The Court preceded to the list the issues which in his view show a quantity of closeness among the defendant's act and Caltex's loss which was adequate to give rise to accountability in the defendant to reimburse Caltex for its economic harm (Cane, 1977). The immediacy for which the adjudicator gazes was not principally informal. But presume if Caltcx had for some time been unable to organize substitute transportation and had accordingly evaded on agreements for the supply of petrol then the ensuing harm which was caused to Caltex would seem, to be so roundabout as to be disregarded. In the current case, Caltex's harm did occur, in the opinion of the judges from the physical effect of the harm of the petroleum goods. The defendant owed a obligation of care to Caltex because the land of Caltex-crude oil at the processing plant and goods thereof-was in such physical proximity to the place where the defendant's tasks had their physical effect. It also was the place where the dredge went for its working which would have the physical effect such as "restriction which was occurred through the tube of the crude oil and the goods. Restriction on the land of Caltex was anticipated as a result of such work (Latimer, 2012). The Court then requested to response to the opposition which were imposed to the recuperation of purely economic loss that the reimbursement may be away from the capability of the defendant to disburse. As the court states that, this was no cause why the loss would be left with the injured party (Kalderimis, 1999). On the other hand, a ruling which could not be performed by which there was nothing to transfer for the onus from the victim. Also the comments of the judges only points up the fact that the welfare of the plaintiff and the defendant divergence, but it grants no guidance as to how that clashes would be determined (Supreme Court of Tasmania, 1999). Conclusion At the end it could be concluded that it could carefully be said to have been determined in Caltex was that the mere fact states that the only harm endured by the plaintiff was purely economic loss which was not accurately or instantly substantial upon physical harm to the individual or land of the plaintiff. As it would not prevent recuperation of that harm. It might also be harmless to state that the S.C.M. u. Whittall test of causal proximity to physical harm was not law in Australia, although it must be memorized that the judge reaffirmed that rule and went no further than creating an exception to deal with the current case. Four strands of reasoning supporting the decision in favour of Caltex are found in the judgments. A Judge founded his verdict on a procedure of looking at the situations of the harm in order to scrutinize that whether, whatever its character was. He stated that it was an result of a physical cause on the land of the plaintiff. An obligation of concern approach was adopted by two other judges. It restricts the range of recuperation for purely economic loss by entailing, in effect that the plaintiff be a constituent of a exclusively anticipate and restricted class. A remoteness of damage test was adopted by other adjudicator (Kidner, 2012). At last, a circuitous evaluation of public policy opinion without the conciliation of any suggestion about privileges and obligations was adopted by the judge (Manderson, 2006). According to Justice Mason, though, there was no supplementary constraint of proximity which was required but still he stated that: A defendant would then be lawfully responsible for economic harm which was caused due to his neglectful act when he could reasonably anticipate that a particular person was different from a general class of individuals, and then he would bear monetary harm as a result of his acts. These approaches eradicate or reduce the view that they would come into survival in regard to the obligation which was originated to an undetermined class of individuals; it guarantee that obligation was restrained to those people whose monetary harm falls within the area of foresee ability. Although all of the Judges of the High Court namely (Gibbs, Stephen, Mason, Jacobs and Murphy JJ) gave different reasons but the case was commonly decided on 9 December 1976 in connection to Caltexs appeal that the case was decided in the favor of Caltex as the economic loss which was beared by Caltex was recoverable. References Cane, P.F. (1977). Recovery In The High Court Of Purely Economic Loss Caused By Negligent Acts. Western Australian Law Review. Chircop, A., Letalik, N., McDorman, T.L., and Rolston, S. (2012). The Regulation of International Shipping: International and Comparative Perspectives: Essays in Honor of Edgar Gold. Canada: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Dietrich, J. (2000). Liability In Negligence For Pure Economic Loss: The Latest Chapter (Perre Vapand Pty Ltd). James Cook University Law Review, 7. Gillies, P. (2004). Business Law (12th ed.).Sydney:Federation Press. Kalderimis, D. (1999). "Contractual Economic Loss in New Zealand - "Who, Then, is my Neighbour" Really?" . Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 16. 29(2). 193. Kidner, R. (2012). Casebook on Torts (12th ed.). United Kingdom: OUP Oxford. Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. Australia: CCH Australia Limited. Law Teacher. (2016). Pure Economic Loss. Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/tort-law/pure-economic-loss.php Legal Services Commission of South Australia. (2016). Negligence. Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php Manderson, D. (2006). Proximity, Levinas, and the Soul of Law . Canada: McGill-Queen's Press MQUP. Marshall Gibson Lawyers. (2012). A Short History of Negligence Lawsuits. Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://www.marshallgibson.com.au/2012/05/15/a-short-history-of-negligence-lawsuits/ Stephen Wawn Associated. (2016). Characterize the Harm Pure economic loss. Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://www.stephenwawn.com.au/commercial-law-litigation-disputes/pure-economic-loss-caused-by-negligent-misstatement-and-the-duty-of-care/duty-of-care/ Supreme Court of Tasmania. (1999). Negligence Foreseeability: Doctrine of Law or Public Policy. Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://www.supremecourt.tas.gov.au/publications/speeches/underwood/negligence Webstroke Law. (2016). Caltex Oil Pty v The Dredge WillemStad [1976, Australia].Retrieved on 30th November, 2016 from: https://webstroke.co.uk/law/cases/caltex-oil-pty-v-the-dredge-willemstad-1976-australia

Muriels Wedding Visual Representation free essay sample

Wedding, there are many things that had repetition throughout the movie which gave symbolization of what it meant to the characters identity and events that occurred within the movie. In my representation, I have decided to pick particular scenes and shots from the movie to give the viewer an idea of what the movie can be about and the symbolism it holds. I have decided to use five scenes with the images at the top of the page Muriel at the beginning of the movie struggling to fit in or belong in any way as seen by the drink thrown in her face and her four â€Å"friends† all with the emotion of anger and disgust on their faces. Also to top it all off the quote â€Å"you’ve got no dignity, Muriel† in the second box with Muriel sad and unhappy can give much indication of what Muriel suffers at the beginning of the movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Muriels Wedding Visual Representation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With third image in the middle is Muriel in her room sad and miserable. This can also enhance the meaning and emotion of Muriel not fitting in, with the sad look on her face, slouching, make up and clothes. This can give indication of Muriel thinking and wondering. This particular shot is very important as it symbolizes and enhances the emotion of the main character. This can be due to the angle at which the camera is placed. With the bottom two pictures, there is indication that change occurs. This is shown by the images of Muriel smiling and laughing also by the clothes she wearing such as the wedding dress and ABBA outfit giving indication that she is being true to herself and finding her way. Particular in the last photo with Rhonda, both them getting in the car to leave smiling which symbolizes joy in both of them, this shot truly shows that Muriel has found her way, made a true friend and now fully knows what she wants. With these shots you can get a basic idea of what the movie is about, what occurs and the emotions that are undergone, each shot plays an important part in the chain of events that occur within the movie, particularly the main character Muriel.

Justifying Euthanasia free essay sample

Presents moral and ethical arguments in favor of euthanasia. This paper argues that voluntary euthanasia preserves dignity. Examined in this paper are such ideas as the right to die, the ethical parameters of euthanasia, the quality of life perspective and a place for euthanasia within varied perspectives. The author argues that one of the greatest ways to preserve another persons dignity is through an act of mercy. Voluntary euthanasia is an act of mercy, which therefore, preserves dignity with the bestowment of final compassion. A step in awareness is the enactment of careful laws that permit forms of voluntary euthanasia. In the United States, the state of Oregons Death With Dignity Act, allowing limited physician-assisted suicide, is an example of a start for public understanding. In ideal cases of merciful euthanasia, a person makes a painstaking, well thought-out decision. Voluntary euthanasia is rarely carried out at the first knowledge of impending death, especially if medical help is available to treat the terminal disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Justifying Euthanasia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Voluntary euthanasia is an act of mercy, and therefore, preserves dignity with the bestowment of final compassion.

King Hammurabi essays

King Hammurabi essays Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylonia. He became king in 1792 at a young age but was still very successful. In the early years of his reign, he mostly did traditional activities, such as repair their walls and their temples as Sargon and Ur-gur had done. He built great canals, uniting the earlier ones into a single large system which insured rich harvests to all the valley, and fought wars. Something he is very known for though, is his code of laws. This code is the earliest of which we have definite knowledge; because Urukagina's earlier laws are only known by stories or comments.. Hammurabi's code was recently discovered, engraved on a pillar which had been set up in Susa. From it you can picture their whole civilization. The Babylonians had courts of justice, but they also had slaves. They had hotels or inns for travelers. They punished people for oppression, for immorality, and even for making false statements. They had skilled laborers, carpenters, rope makers, masons, potters, with some system of association and with apprentices. Sailors were a different class of society, with a code of their own for boat passing and making way for one another upon the river. Bankers transferred money by promissory notes, the people were deeply superstitious, and a man could be executed for "putting a spell" on someone. One of his popular laws is referred to as an eye for an eye. For example, if you said something you werent supposed to , your tongue would get chopped off. If you stole something your hand would get chopped off. If you killed someone, you would be killed. Even though it doesnt seem fair today, it was considered a great law back in the day. The splendid peroid of Hammurabi lasted about fifty-five years. After that his successors began to degenerate gradually in ability, until in the eighteenth century B.C., a savage swarm of invaders invaded and destroyed Babylonia.This is where King hammurabi ended...

Research Methods Exercise Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Methods Exercise - Assignment Example ter a lecture where some teachers purposefully used phrases like â€Å"this concept is difficult† and other teachers taught the lecture without this phrase, students completed a survey indicating their perceived level of difficulty of the content. Directions: Read the scenarios below and identify the following about each research study. One to two words or phrases are fine for answers. This exercise will prepare us for what is to come next week when we evaluate research studies! 1. Researchers wish to examine the behaviors of college students at local bars. They hire young graduate students and train them to go to local college bars every Thursday, Friday, & Saturday night for one month and record their observations of students. To be accurate, the graduate research assistants engage in conversations with the patrons and ask if they are college students. If so, they observe & record the number of drinks consumed and flirtatious behavior over the course of the night. At the end of the month, the graduate students turn in their observations which are synthesized into a descriptive summary of college student behavior at local bars. 2. Research out of the University of Washington examines what happens when students expect to be given alcohol but are actually given a placebo drink (non-alcoholic beverage that looks and tastes like alcohol but has no alcohol in it!). Students are invited to participate in the research study. Researchers then randomly assign students to one of four conditions: 1. expect alcohol/given alcohol; 2. expect alcohol/not given alcohol; 3. not expect alcohol/given alcohol; 4. not expect alcohol/not given alcohol (see the image below for clarification). Students are then instructed to come to the â€Å"Bar Lab† (a laboratory on campus designed to look like a bar; see image below) on their assigned day. Students in the expectation conditions are told that they will be given alcohol that day and then are either given the alcohol in group 1 or given

Thomas Nagel. What is the thesis of Nagel's article The Absurd Essay

Thomas Nagel. What is the thesis of Nagel's article The Absurd - Essay Example He mostly takes the key concern on meaning of life. Thomas Nagel sets out that there are good grounds that make absurd to apply to lives. He viewed that our lives are absurd therefore meaningless that is absurdum. In his article, Nagel opens by stating four reasons for absurdum. The first reason he cites is that our being here will not be important for a very long time from now. He states nothing we do now will matter in million years to come. Thomas Nagel said that† by the same token, nothing that will be the case in a million years matters now.† He goes on and says that everything we do now in a million times will be meaningless. (Joad, 1944).  The second cite for absurdum is that he sees that we are very small as compared to the entire universe. Thomas says that the whole universe is infinite large as compared to our lives, therefore our lives are absurd for now. ... (Jaspers, 1969).   In ordinary life, life itself is absurd; Nagel puts that â€Å"when it includes a conspicuous discrepancy between pretension or aspiration and reality: someone gives a complicated speech in support of a motion that has already been passed† in addition, Thomas Nagel continues to consider what count good ground for his thesis. He claims we try to check one that has aspiration and reality. Nagel went ahead and gave an example, to demonstrate this being knighted just as trousers fall down. He went ahead and said that for most of time we live our lives as if they are not absurd, as if there is no nothing that brings changes between our aspiration and reality that makes our live absurd. Nagel had certain perspective in mind that we look at our lives from a stand, which is not involving. In this stand, we can step back and find the whole system of critics and justifications, which controls our supports and our claims to rationality which rests upon our habits the refore we should know how to disagree without circularity. Generally Nagel claims that absurd is striking sort of thing in our lives. The most interesting aspects of his article are the problem that Nagel connects problem of the meaning of life to other problems of epistemological of radical skeptics’. Actually, he claims that such skeptic come in when there is use of disengaged standpoint. Thomas Nagel says that both cases someone wills recognizes the justification made which cannot be justified without the threat of circularity. Thomas Nagel claims, â€Å"In both cases the final, philosophical doubt is not contrasted with any unchallenged certainties, though it is arrived at by extrapolation from examples of doubt within the system of evidence or

Gas law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Gas law - Essay Example The independent variable in this chart is temperature whereas the dependent variable is volume. This corresponds to Charles law V/T = k From figure 3, it is seen that the volume of a gas decreases exponentially with the increase in pressure. Plotting the values of pressure against the inverse of the volume gives us Boyles law (PV = Constant) that states that at constant temperature the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the size. From the figure for it is observed that when the pressure is doubled the volume is reduced by half. The linear graph passes through the point of origin (0, 0). Air is a mixture of different gases that respond differently in different conditions. The ideal gas law provides provisions for incorporation of various gasses in a system. Therefore, air was a suitable choice for an ideal gas According to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, therefore at constant number of moles and temperature the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume and therefore obeys Boyles law. At constant n and P, V is directly proportional to T with increasing T, V will also increase. From the data calculated and represented in figures 1-3 the ideal gas law is experimentally defined. From figure 1, it has been seen that the volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure. From figure 2 it is observed that the volume is directly proportional to temperature and from figure 3 and 4 it is observed that the volume is inversely proportional to pressure. All these are the ideas behind the ideal gas

Environmental and social issues of Unilever

Environmental and social issues of Unilever Unilever began with British soap-maker company named Lever Brothers. Their revolutionary action in business was by introducing the Sunlight Soap in 1890s. That idea was from William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Brothers. This idea helped the Lever Brothers become the first company that help popularise cleanliness in Victorian England. Moreover, the product rapidly emulated globally after that it was a success in UK and made Lever Brothers obtained more business worldwide. One of the reasons of this success was the strategy from William that not only prioritize on selling the products but also focus on manufacturing them. On the other side, in 1872 Jurgens and Van den Bergh created a company that produces margarine. Since there were many competitors in the margarine industry in Dutch, in 1920s, Jurgen and Van de Berth decided to strengthen their company by joining another margarine manufacturer in Bohemia. In 1927, there were three companies including Jurgen and Van de Berth compan y which formed Margarine Unie located in Holland. In 1930, the Lever Bros merged with the Margarine Unie and even though, an international merge was an unusual move at that time, both of the two companies have the same vision that by doing this merge with strong global networks would create new opportunities. Finally, the name of Unilever was created by the merge of the companies. Not too long after Unilever was formed, they got a big problem which was that their raw material companies were reduced from 30% to 40% in the first year. As that problem started to attack, Unilever had to react quickly by building up an efficient system of control. In September of 1930, Unilever established the Special Committee that was designed to stabilize British and Dutch operate and concern as an internal cabinet for the organization. Since William Levers death in 1925, it was Frances DArcy Cooper who replaced him to become the chairmen of Lever Brothers. Cooper made several benefits for Unilever, one of his revolutionary action was that he led the various companies that included Unilever into one Anglo-Dutch companies. According to The Netherlands official UK site, Anglo-Dutch Companies is the British and the Dutch historically joined forces to form some of the strongest companies in the world, and until now their position is still strong. In 1937, when the correlation between the profit-earning capabilities of the British and Dutch companies found itself overturned, it was Cooper that came to solve the problem by convincing the board of the necessity for restructuring. In the 1930s, Unilever continued to grow their business when they promoted their products in America Latin. To keep it growing, Unilever adapted a new strategy in 1940s by widening their business areas and create new areas such as particular food and chemical manufactures. Furthermore, Unilever recognized that there were something more important than widening their areas, it was the relationship between marketing and research that they must focus on. Therefore, Unilever expanded their operation by making association by two important actuations in US, those are Thomas J. Lipton company, manufacture of tea, and the Pepsodent brand of toothpaste in 1944. In 1957 Unilever continued their actions by associating with U.K. frozen food maker birds eye, and in 1961 with U.S. Ice cream novelty maker Good Humor. In the 1980s Unilever made a revolutionary restructuring by selling most of its subsidiary business to concentrate the companys core business. Eventually, foods, toiletries, detergents and special chemicals were the Unilevers core business. This restructuring also helped Unilever to make a collaboration with Chesebrought-Ponds in U.S. in 1986. That collaboration made a big impact to Unilever, their profit margin increased. Furthermore, Unilever bought Chesebrought-Pond in 1987. Nowadays, Unilever become the worlds most consumed product brand in home care, personal care and food. In 2002, Unilever had a worldwide revenue around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬48,760 million. Unilever has two main parenting companies, they are Unilever NV in Rotterdam and Netherland and Unilever PLC in London, UK. However, Unilever still has two major competitors named Nestlà © and Procter Gamble. Unilever has several worldwide products in foods such as Lipton, Knorr, Blue Band, Ben and Jerry, Walls, and Brooke bond. In home care, they have Surf, Sun, Radiant, Domestos and Skip. In personal care, they have Ponds, Vaseline, Rexona, Lux, Dove, Lifebuoy, Pepsodent, Sunsilk and Axe/Lynx. Social and Environmental issues Besides Unilevers success, there are also some social and environmental issues that affects Unilever. There are several damages created by Unilever during their processes in manufacturing, supplying, and labouring. Palm oil issues that affected by Unilever Unilever is the company with the worlds largest buyer of palm oil. They turn the palm oil material to their products like detergents, cosmetics, bio-fuel and soaps. Their actions by cutting down the palm oil of the most area in Kalimantan was slowly destroying habitat of Orang-utan, an endangered species which lived almost everywhere in the rainforest of Kalimantan. This action resulted in the extinction of the Orang-utan species in Kalimantan. An expected of two million acres of the rainforests in Kalimantan have been cut down annually. This action is also damaging Indonesias rainforest, eventually leading to a severe climate change. Unilever created their products to help people in doing their daily life, but in fact they are also destroying other endangered lives. In 2008, Unilever was criticised by Greenpeace UK because of these actions. In November 2009, Unilever announced to cancelled and stop buying palm oil from Indonesian company, PT Smart for environmental reason. In April 2010, Unilever had secured GreenPalm certificates. GreenPalm endorsed By RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil), Organization formed by several stakeholders in the palm oil industry, to protect the environmental impact of palm oil and endorse sustainable agriculture. These certificates have function to cover the supplies of its European, Australian and New Zealand businesses. Unilevers Mercury Waste In 1983, Chesebrough Ponds Ltd, one of U.S. company bought an area near Kodaikanal. They relocated their thermometer-making factory that had been in Watertown, suburb of New York to this area. In 1987, Unilever bought Ponds and the thermometer-making factory in Kodaikanal and became the biggest facility in the world. Then, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), the subsidiary of Unilever which operates and located in India, took charge of the factory. Early 2001, there were 7,4 tonnes of mercury-contaminated wastes around Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu found. Kodaikanal has beautiful lakes, perennially cool weather and rich forests which is why it became the most popular tourist destination in South India. After investigating the source of those mercury it was found to be from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. Mercury is a toxic metal that can harm humans liver and brain. Once mercury come into the environment, it will be changed during natural method into a structure that works its way quickly through the food chain where it can contemplate to hazardously high levels. Mercury is the basic material to create thermometers. In March 2001, four hundred people from Factory workers unions and local communities protested and complained about the unsafe waste disposal methods from Hindustan Lever Limited factory. They gave an ultimatum of either closing the factory or remove it from Kodaikanal areas. They also said since the mercury disposal happen in this area, it was destroying the Shola ecosystem of Western Ghats. After that incident, Unilever decided to postpone their thermometer production in Hindustan Lever Limited factory near Kodaikanal until they find a solution to the problem. However on June 21 2001, the Government of India ordered HLL to close the factory and ship the rest of the mercury waste to the U.S. Unilever Use Child Labour in India In India, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL) has employed for expected number of 25,000 children, mostly girls in cotton seed production. They worked usually between ten and thirteen hours per day and they only got 40 Eurocents per day. Sometime, they are exposed to toxic pesticides during their work. The reason company prefer employed child than the adult was to save money in waging the labour. Usually, a child only receives 55% less than a man and 30 % less than a woman. One of their labour was Narasamma, 12 years old. She was a migrant who worked in cotton seed field for the last three years. She worked more than 12 hours per day with only two breaks. During work, she was regularly sprayed by pesticides and got ill after. However, she only earned Rs. 800 a month. In early 2003, many countries in Europe such as Germany, Netherlands and Ireland started do the campaign to stop Child labour. This campaign started from Germany, then to Netherlands and the campaign finished in Ireland. The main message from those campaigns was that school is the best place for children, so stop child labour. In may 2003, Unilever announced that they would solve the child labour problem in India. Unilever told Hindustan Lever Limited to start rejecting the use of child labour. Conclusion Unilever is one of most influential companies in the world by providing products that help people in their daily life and also supporting global economic growth. They improve their strategy to create products time by time until they meet customer requirements. That is why most of their product trustable and convenient to be used. Some survey showed that every houses in the world at least has one of Unilever product. This is showed that Unilever is very influential in human social life. Perhaps giving value to the brand is the best action that Unilever had done. However, Unilever made some environmental and social issues in their history. Many had protested what Unilever had done in the moment. In fact, Unilever is one of the companies which have been responsible for their actions. Unilever reacted quickly by fixing the problem.

The Effects of Sir Thomas Malory’s Life and Culture on the Arthurian Le

The Effects of Sir Thomas Malory’s Life and Culture on the Arthurian Legends In many cases, authors write books in order to comment on the culture they live in. In addition, the personal life experiences of the author are also expressed in the work. In the case of the Arthurian Legends, the major contributor was Sir Thomas Malory, who lived from 1405 to 1471 (Abrams, 420). The first section of this paper will examine why Sir Thomas Malory should be considered the greatest contributor to the Arthurian Legends. The second section of this paper will examine many themes expressed in Malory’s work, Morte Darthur, such as courtly love, brotherly love, chivalry, magic, and resolution, showing how the culture and personal life of Sir Thomas Malory helped shape his commitment to translating and writing the legends of King Arthur. The final section of this paper will show how, even in the last century, writers have used personal life experiences and elements of the culture around them to create their works. One of the most taxing aspects of dealing with the Arthurian Legends is identifying the major contributors. Arthurian legends were in existence long before the lifetime of Sir Thomas Malory most notably Geoffry of Monmouth’s Historia Regina Britannia, which was written between 1136-1139. The fact that Arthurian legends were in existence several hundred years before Malory’s life makes it essential to show why the study of his life and culture are important. The major reason why the study of the life and culture of Sir Thomas Malory should be considered important is due to the fact that his work (Morte Darthur) was the first complete version of Arthurian legends ever produced in English. Another reason it is important t... ... that surrounded him. The final section of the paper deals with the idea that, even in our culture, writers are able to take their personal experiences and extend them to represent the culture as a whole. All of these sections are essential for understanding Morte Darthur, Sir Thomas Malory, and the elements he used from his personal experience and the culture around him to translate and write many Arthurian legends. Works Cited Abrams, M.H. Gen. Ed., Greenblatt, Stephen. Ass. Gen. Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature 7th Ed. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2000. Ackerman, Robert W. â€Å"Sir Thomas Malory†. World Book Encyclopedia Vol. 13. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1989. Mckay, John P. Ed., Hill, Bennett D. Ed., Buckler, John Ed., A History of Western Society Since 1300, 6th Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999.

Identity In Wide Sargasso Sea English Literature Essay

Family individuality is besides greatly involved in this novel. For illustration, Mr. Rochester origins from a rich household, but he did non inherited the belongings from his male parent possibly because of the belongings was inherited by his senior siblings. He come to Granbois to seek his ain luck, his matrimony with Antoinette was arranged by his male parent and Richard Mason, so that he will acquire the 30 thousand lbs from Antoinette which she inherited from Mr. Mason. His male parent purpose was to do certain that the Rochester household will hold extremely position where most of the household are rich. As for Antoinette, she have two first name which is Mason and Cosway because her female parent married two times. Mr. Mason is a rich adult male where he has a boy, Richard, even though Antoinette is non Mr. Mason ain girl but he liked her and give her half of his belongings but Richard are non satisfied with his male parent determination because he thinks that the rumor from A ntoinette ‘s household will dishonor his household name, so he make up one's mind to take away Antoinette belongings. Beside of cultural individuality, Antoinette and Rochester besides have the cultural individuality. For illustration, they have the similar instruction back land which they are taught to in Christian, they were taught to read book and live in an white ‘s work forces manner where they learn to dance and imbibe vino, this shows that they patterns the really same civilization. Although Antoinette patterns some of the white ‘s work forces civilization but she besides patterns the civilization from Caribbean which is largely believe by the black people. For illustration, Antoinette believed in obi, Caribbean signifier of the faith Voodoo, some sort of superstitious because Christophine, Antoinette ‘s alternate female parent present her to the Caribbean civilization and to obeah. This can be proven when Antoinette ask Christophine to do love potion for her, so that Rochester will love her. Besides Antoinette besides likes to bath in the natural bathing pool merely like th e other people live in Granbois but Richard are non used to these because to him those things looks like in dream he is afraid of that, he do non desire to acquire used to this state of affairs, he feels that England is his topographic point, their matrimony have causes civilization mismatch which leads to a calamity.2. How does the writer of the prescribed text nowadays the thought that being at odds with society ‘s values involves hazard but following with those values can besides be harmful?There are two society involved in Wide Sargasso Sea which is Caribbean ‘s society and Western ‘s society. Different society will hold different values, for illustration the Western ‘s society wage more facets in civilize people, wealth, position and spiritual life but the Caribbean society ‘s wage more facets in hatred, retaliation and justness. The writer prescribe it by utilizing Annette as an illustration. Annette as a color individual and patterns the really same civilization of Caribbean people but she is married to a white adult male and he is a slave proprietor, when Annette married him, she is taking hazard which is really important because of the bondage job, most of the black people hates the white people and there comes some chitchat from the people at Coulibri, Mr. Cosway estate stating that the adult male she married is excessively old for her and so when Mr. Cosway died, Annette and her household were discriminated by the other people for 5 old ages until she is married once more. The Caribbean society ‘s dislike white people for they treaten them, so they will detest their people marry white people and this is the hazard Annette is taking, she knew that this will be the effects when she is married to a white adult male. However, Annette did non follow with the Caribbean society ‘s values because sh e knows that it will non make any good, when she is married to Mr. Cosway, she understand the white people better and therefore leads her to an more open-minded individual. I besides thinks that she does non wants her kid comply with those values at that specific clip, enviousness, hatred and vindictive. When Annette married to Mr. Mason, her 2nd matrimony, she makes the colored people live around Coulibri even hates her and as the effects, they burn Annette house and Pierre is dead, a greatly risk so. As for the Western ‘s values, we can see it in the Mason and Rochester households. To them wealthy symbollise their position, Mr. Rochester father wants him to happen his ain luck and this significantly shows that wealthy to them is their position. Rochester prove that this is their society values when he wants to get married Antoinette for her money and the money are given to him without any inquiry. We can besides see this value in Richard Mason, he do non wants his step-sister to hold the same position as him and so he decided to set up a matrimony for her so that her money will give to person else. The western ‘s society besides judge a individual from their apparels, the manner of speech production and manners. For illustration, Mr. Rochester dislike Christophine for a few ground. Christophine spoke in a linguistic communication that Mr. Rochester dislike, Christophine describe that the xanthous tea drinks by the English work forces as xanthous Equus caballus urine and the frock she is have oning which is soiled makes Rochester thinks that is non a clean wont. Christophine knows that the immature maestro, Mr. Rochester dislike her, she knows that she will ne'er follow with the Western ‘s values and so she left the house because she besides knew that Rochester will trail her house at last. Even though her action did non harm herself but she did non believe of the effects when she left Antoinette and Antoinette was the 1 who are harmed.

Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Example

Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Example Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Ferrero Rocher Essay Essay Ferrero Rocher is the 1 of the transnational corporation in the universe via the merchandise: Ferrero Rocher that is sort of the cocoa and the it has a luxury perceptual experience to the client who have some of ground that are monetary value. packaging. and etc. As it is a FMCG ( Fast Move Corporation Goods ) in Malaysia. its sale part has non been attracted in consumers’ behaviour in buying consideration. Duo to of shown jobs. Ferrero Rocher has changed as a newness or advanced bite that will be strong competitory nutrient in eating wont whereby. the witting or prospective consumers can choose Ferrero Rocher. From the beginning to the terminal in its ain execution. Ferrero Rocher is able to be more attractive goods with the reclamation image to the people and so the company will be successful by the basking the great gross in nutrient channel as good. Ferrero Rocher cocoa will be distributed by the redevelopment about most constructs and powerful diffusion in footings of the trade name itself over the universe. : Introduction Ferrero Rocher is a ain trade name name with a household history: Michele Ferrero is the laminitis and the leader in the corporation with his relations who have contributed to the success in the nutrient industry in Italy. Ferrero Rocher is one of the celebrated chocolatier nutrient houses internationally. since it was opened in Italy by Ferrero SpA since 1982. Ferrero Rocher has his ain name as a trade name and it has been bring forthing many types of cocoas with different spirits ; every bit good as diversified cocoas have been made by the company for strategic grounds. For illustration. the chief constituents of the cocoa is based in roasted hazelnut frame into the thin wafer by consolidation with hazelnut pick. milk cocoa and hazelnuts. Each of the merchandises: Ferrero Rocher has a particular covering that is unambiguously shaped with a gold-colored packaging that states the ingredients with the 73 Calories. The house has been executing good all-over the universe with strong distributions. It is involved in many societal activities and duties: like giving contributions. environmental contemplation. and moral concern. Ferrero Rocher has its missions that are: high quality value with good ingredients and freshness into all its merchandises. Furthermore. the company tries its best in pass oning with the clients and keeping their trueness. In planetary nutrient disposal of Ferrero Rocher. its public presentation. and launching is regarded as weaker in Malaysia than in other states ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) Business ambiance There is PEST ( Political. Economic. Social. and Technology ) analysis about Ferrero Rocher in Malaysia. It is critical to analyse the sectors like Political. Economic. Social. and Technology in order to be more seeable to follow the factors for success. The undermentioned theories have been taken as Ferrero Rocher’s public presentation in Malaysia. 1. Political Ferrero Rocher Chocolate is an imported merchandise by an Italian company that is Ferrero SpA and so there are legalities in trading concern by Malaysia between Malaysia and Italy. The intent is to protect the local nutrient industries: commanding all imported goods so as to profit the Malayan concerns. Any new type of imported bite. like those of chocolate beginning. introduced in Malaysia will hold a negative impact on the local market. therefore a demand for legal controls. Ferrero Rocher will besides hold to subject to these Torahs. In other words. the imported goods are monitored so as to guarantee measure. quality. and equity. The chief intent of the jurisprudence is to profit both states: Malaysia A ; Italy and in the procedure profiting Ferrero Rocher’ cocoa in Malaysia. In add-on to that. faith is another political factor to be considered by Ferrero Rocher. For case. the Halal logo on the screen or box gives confidence to the Muslim consumers that Ferrero Rocher is consumable by them without bias. Presently health care is considered to be another political factor. particularly its negative effects like weight addition. tooth decay relating to chocolate. Thus the Malayan authorities is supervising the quality of these nutrients. including Ferrero Rocher ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 2. Economic The aim of all concern is to maximise net incomes by minimising the costs. therefore the demand for sophisticated machineries. efficient labor. low rental etc. Tax and involvement rates are an of import constituent of costs. and they are indispensable. The economic growing factor is of import to monetary value repair and to pull off the administrative costs. The income degree of the bulk of the consumers will be considered for the selling scheme to advance this cocoa as an low-cost and proper bite in Malaysia. In term of employment Ferrero Rocher employs a batch of Malaysians and besides use a batch of the land for set uping their mill therefore enabling better use of the domestic resources. This will lend towards bettering the Gross Domestic Product of the state. World Economic status will be affair of B to B like exchange rate between the two states. Since the economic growing and the exchange rate of both the states are different. the company has to monetary value the cocoas in Ma laysia that is good to the company and the counties concerned ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 3. Social Malaysian’s eating wonts vary between the different races. civilizations and beliefs. The purchase of bites varies with the spirits. every bit good as the retail mercantile establishments: nutrient tribunal. supermarket. convenient shops etc. Ferrero Rocher’s merchandises offer high quality in epicurean designs: value for money. Religion. an of import factor to be considered. The Muslims are really concern about ‘halal’ labels ; as it gives them confidence that the nutrient is fit to be consumed without spiritual bias. Ferrero Rocher demand to see this affair. Health is besides another issue in Malaysia where weight and dental decay is a concern particularly the ingestion of cocoa merchandises. Therefore Ferrero Rocher demand to be cautious about this excessively. Damage to environment by the disposal of waste stuff is besides a concern of the authorities. Ferrerp Ropcher demand to wrap and box the cocoas in reclaimable boxes that are non normally disposed of after the cocoa has been consumed. This will assist protect the environment ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . 4. Technology As it is an international merchandise. many mills have been established in Malaysia. It is the good belongings for Malaysia because assortment of bites can be produced appears in larger countries in Malaysia. However. it needs expects to do or pull off all processing in working topographic point. Worldwide distribution will hold demand of local work force to do amp ; manage for localisation their concern. Furthermore. skilled employees increase and other engineering can be improved by passing down the techniques by transmittal from Italy to Malaysia ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) SWOT Analysis 1. Strengths Ferrero Rocher’s cocoa is advertised and demonstrated as a high quality merchandise and it has besides been considered the perceptual experience of the consumers. It has besides been characterized to hold it ain singularity in the market. It is made in Italy’s engineering and by manus by their local work-force in Malaysia. The cocoa has been considered to be wholly different as perceived by the consumers. It has besides made a part to the list of cocoas in the market. making more picks for the consumers. 2. Failing There are some rigorous regulations to adhere in Malaysia as it is an imported nutrient point from Italy. The monetary value is on the high side and it is supported by the quality image: the gold wadding. The ‘high’ image and the high monetary value may non promote the mean income consumer to see Ferrero Rocher. The monetary value makes a large proportion of their disposable income and that is a detering point to see. 3. Opportunity Ferrero Rocher attracts new consumers via their new and tasty spirits that is considered a forte. As a consequence the possible consumers who want new and alone gustatory sensations would see this cocoa: a alteration in consumers’ gustatory sensations is noted in Malaysia. and that is an chance that Ferrero Rocher should see for it enlargement plan in the hereafter in Malaysia. 4. Menaces In Malaysia the criterion of life is non unvarying. hence there are rich and hapless people. The low and in-between income group does non habitually eat cocoas. The parents who are concerned about their children’s feeding. particularly nutrient that put on weight. may deflect the kids to other bites. Ferrero Rocher has been confronting much competition in imparting their cocoa in the local and international market. [ Appendix 1 ] Market Analysis 1. Rival Ferrero Rocher’s cocoa merchandises considered as a delicacy bite has many competition from companies like. Hershey. Toblerone and Cadburys. The competition is with Cadbury’s new cocoa called Dairy Milk ; and Cadbury is besides a big transnational company. holding mills in France. Poland. UK etc. They offer many types of nutrient. like Bars. Cakes A ; Biscuits and Boxes. Bag A ; Tin. Drinks. and Ice pick A ; Desserts. Cadbury focuses on internal program. more nutrition cocoa. and many diversified merchandises. in order to accomplish net incomes and to last in a competitory market. Toblerone is besides an international company that has cocoa saloon including Nugget. Almonds. and Honey. and is a rival to Ferrero Rocher. It is following Schott’s Food A ; Drink Miscellany: standard method in nutrient and merger in unifying different kind of nutrient. The company’s strengths are the design on the screen that appears to portray a criterion in size. constituents and that it is cheap. The point to observe is that Ferrero Rocher has many rivals and a weak distribution channel. The merchandises like Dove. Milo and Whole Roast Almond are considered as prospective cocoas deluging the market. Dove is a new trade name offered by Mars Company. They have come with caramel. cocoa saloon and cookies as their chief merchandises. but they lack market consciousness. Milo. another trade name created by Nestle. who is besides a transnational. It offers drinks. breakfast cereals. cocoa saloon etc. The Whole Roast Almond owned by household concern with a ‘Dutch Press’ and uses alkalic salt to heighten the quality of their cocoas. but they have a weak nutrient channel and distribution methods. [ Appendix 2 ] 2. Consumers There are many types of bites with cocoa spirit. in the nutrient industry: Ferrero Rocher cocoa. Dairy Milk and Hershey. These are international trade names that are easy available in Malaysia and are received good by the Malaysians. There is plentifulness of pick for the consumers. The Ferrero Rocher cocoa consumers are divided into Gender. Age. Lifestyle and Income groups. The female population has a higher inclination to purchase Ferrero Rocher as the cocoa is wrapped in gold and has a soft crunch indoors. The immature population who is made up of 13. 7 % between the age of 15-19 and 13. 1 % between the age of 20-24. in 2011. are researching new gustatory sensations and seem to prefer Ferrero Rocher as they are developing a wont for sweet nutrient. As for the income group the skilled and the high income group can afford to buy Ferrero Rocher since they have a high disbursement power. The skilled and semi skilled people shows that 25 % are the possible consumers of this cocoa. Development schemes There are two selling schemes to better its sale’s place and this has to see both the consumer A ; Ferrero Rocher Company. First it has to shift the image of the merchandises perceptual experience by the possible consumers ; who are presuming that the cocoa is non for the normal income group. Effective communicating should assist win the consumers bosom and to keep their trueness. The monetary value is another scheme that the company demand to see. They need to see the costs associating to processing processs. and this could deviate the possible consumers from other competitory trade names and set Ferrero Rocher as the leader in the nutrient channel ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . [ Appendix 3 ] Segmentation A ; Targeting There are some ways to section wholly people by categorising them by their common 8nterests or characteristics. As referred to in the Appendix. The Malaysians can be separated into three chief groups: the Malay who make up 50. 4 % . Chinese 23. 7 % . autochthonal 11 % . while the Indians make up 7. 1 % and other 7. 8 % . with the entire population of 28. 7 million. Since the Malayans make up the bulk in the market. therefore the focal point has to be on them. They are the strategic group. Besides that the age is besides a factor for cleavage. Those in the age group of 15 to 24 old ages make up of more than 50 % of the entire population. They can besides be catogarise into income group: high income group. meddle income group and low income group. Another manner to sort is by profession. that is the pupil. the skilled. the semi-skilled and the professionals. The immature. the high and in-between income group. the skilled. and semi-skilled. and the pupils are the population who would be able and willing to purchase Ferrero Rocher. Positioning The procedure of cleavage of the population is of import to aim and to implement the right attack to acquire the group to purchase Ferrero Rocher. The cleavage helps to distinguish Ferrero Rocher from the other trade names of cocoas. in relation to the quality and the benefits that can be derived from these cocoas. It will besides enable the company to aim the gross revenues schemes in a manner to acquire the consumers to purchase their cocoa or switch off from other trade names to Ferrero Rocher as satisfaction from the bite can be assured. Aims with 4P’s: Merchandise. Place. Price. and Promotion 1. Fiscal Presently Ferrero Rocher has been sacking a gross revenues of 6. 6 billion Euros and accomplishing more than 4. 3 per centum of net sale growing as comparison to old twelvemonth. The group employs more than 20000 employees and is puting 383 million Euros ; to increasing its capacity. The investing is about 5 % of the net gross revenues figures. The Group is invariably puting in invention. research. and development and has. in peculiar. late been concentrating on energy-efficient installings in its workss. The fiscal aims are divided into two: to increase its capacity and to consolidate its investings and it may be equated to 13 % of the net gross revenues in 2013 ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . To increase the value of the cocoas to the consumers an effectual program is required. Therefore the pricing harmonizing to the packaging is important. For illustration the 16 pieces battalion is RM 16. 88 and that is about RM 1. 06 per piece. while the 24 pieces battalion is RM29. 88 and it is about RM 1. 25 per piece. ‘Penetration monetary value strategy’ can be used as a new program to capture the market. If the monetary value can be decreased from RM16. 88 to RM15. 88 for the 16 pieces battalion can be low-cost by the consumers. although this might be followed by a monetary value war. Monetary value is the strongest ground that motivates consumers and as an illustration. the discounted monetary value has been successful in pulling clients in Starbuck. in Malaysia. In add-on. the manner the cocoas are supplied to the clients is by avoiding the mediators like the jobber. retail merchant. agents etc. This attack will assist minimise the costs. from the upstream to the downstream. This will enable the company to salvage costs and that means more net incomes can be earned. The one external channel is the retail merchants who will be responsible to assist present the cocoas to the clients. The clients can acquire the cocoas straight from these mercantile establishments. 2. Selling As a cognitive major issue is the â€Å"customers† in the selling scheme: the scheme is to be fit the consumers in footings of quality: represented by presentation. freshness. wellness factors etc and these are of import to acquire customers’ trueness. The company could expose more of its cocoa on the shelves of the urban shops. This could entice the clients towards Ferrero Rocher. They could besides concentrate on the strength of merchandise betterment like let go ofing new and less thermal cocoas. by the terminal of 2012 ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . Ferrero Rocher can make many spirits of cocoas and in many combinations: with existent fruits. When the cocoa is bitten one can acquire the crunchy sound while the interior is soft. The fruits give a sensational feeling to the clients. These assortments of gustatory sensations should lure the costumiers to switch to Ferrero Rocher and see it to be their favourite pick. There are two big hyper markets in Malaya: the TESCO A ; JUSCO. They display the cocoas. over the old ages. in 32 mercantile establishments ( as for TESCO ) and 21 mercantile establishments ( as for JUSCO ) . It is besides displayed in the local college like TAYLOR’s and INTI in their cafeteria to provide for the pupils. and that has enhanced gross revenues. The cocoas have besides been launched in some of the celebrated cafe like Starbuck in Malaysia. which has more than 150 mercantile establishments ( Starbuck. com. 2009 ) On the packaging. to pull the clients a mascot has been created as an extra personality. on the surface of the cocoas. This particularly focused to pull the kids who strongly patronize the cocoas. This will besides prolong it luxury mentality and develop consumer’s trueness. Ferrero Rocher approaches its client in many ways. and they take advantage by advancing the cocoas during the Valentine’s Day and Christmas Day. It is really reasonable to sell them during these occasions as the consumers will be seeking something of the best for themselves or to be given as gifts. Therefore aggressive advertizement during these periods is important ( Mooney L. . 1997 ) Making a romantic narrative with Ferrero Rocher has besides created success as it is a strong promotional tool. For illustration the proposal by a adult male to a lady. with Ferrero Rocher. makes it seem like a fairy narrative that the people want to copy. The cocoa has besides been used as a corsage in nuptialss. and that will convey felicity to the bride. This narrative has created a new civilization and that is good for the concern. and these actions have benefited both the Corporation and the consumers ( NAIR V. 2012 ) 3. Social The company is besides concern about the â€Å"Green Business† . and this is done by suiting the recycling of the cover paper or waste and to open. more mills to recycle. By 2012 it intends to increase recycling by 30 % . They intend to cut down disbursement on H2O by 30 % and besides cut down the CO2 emitted into the environment ( Ferrero. com. 2009 ) . The company has besides been concerned about the environment. It uses recycled documents in their concern. They are traveling green. This has earned them a contributing relationship with the authorities. This action of utilizing recycled documents has aid cut down their disbursals. ( HUONG T. 2011 ) An event with the Ferrero Rocher is another types of societal promotional issue that is highlighted to the many of consumers about the merchandises in peculiar state of affairs. Likewise. some competitions has besides similar aim by the strong protagonists or sponsorships. For illustration. an award to the victor will be publicizing automatically Ferrero Rocher. In other word. the company offer societal activities that make the consumers to bask with the merchandises. Internal Marketing A ; Customer Service It is of import that the employees have a good instruction and cognition. This will assist them to be efficient in their work. and that would profit the company. They will besides understand the premier aim of the company: the advantage and disadvantages associating to wellness. quality of the merchandise. the industry. the information associating to transport. the trade name publicities and besides communications will be effectual. All this will heighten a healthy relationship between the staff and the company. Budgeting In 50 billion budgeting in 2011. the capital is allocated into the some classs that have contained its ain manner to be attractive bite to the clients. It is to do a positive possible state of affairs in their market and it plans by the 2013. Ferrero Rocher is able to upgrade with the rating in the given tabular array: Control and Implementation New characteristic Ferrero Rocher has been released in nutrient industry via assorted Medias like Television. Newspaper. and etc. As mentioning to the Gantt chart Appendix4. the merchandise has been good known but it need to be governed by the people who have its duty or qualified employers at working topographic point. In 2012 or the hereafter. any of concerns must be take attention of itself by the experts or the professionals in order to look into all of treating for predict and prevent if there misguided goods or hapless quality of a merchandises. [ Appendix4 ] * Identify all of health that can be great sale if the consciousness go a high * Outstanding of Active communities like web log. web site and facebook as a chirrup * Large of articulations a incursion or competition by the people * Useful advertisement tools like newspaper. Television and wireless to distribute* Positive image of the Ferrero Rocher* Reasonable or acceptable gait in all of processing* Logical scheme has a given into the concern* Strong market portion in confident relationship in long- term Ferrero Rocher is able to acquire rid of its troubles via these valid cellar program A ; action as a control. 13 % of net sale can be shown in proper execution that should be performed systematically every bit good. In outstanding of its facets. all of belongingss will be given such as a great net incomes or border. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //komunitikini. com/kl-selangor/putrajaya/malaysimalaysia-skilled-workers-at-25-perecnt [ Accessed 15 Feb 2012 ] 4. Mooney L. . 1997. ‘Advertising A ; Promotion: Design Choice’ . Brand Republic Group Website. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/news/59757/ [ Accessed 20 Feb 2012 ] 5. Nair V. . 2012. ‘Couple’s alone love narrative wins contest’ . theonlinestar. com. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? sec=central A ; file=/2012/2/18/central/10730535 [ Accessed 12 Feb 2012 ] 6. Percept media. 2011. MEDIA PLANNING GUIDE. 17th EDITION. UTUSAN MEDIA SALES. [ BOOK ] [ Accessed: 24 October 2011 ] 7. Starbucks. com. . 2009. ‘Starbucks in Malaysia’ . Starbuck Company. About Starbucks [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //starbucks. com. my/en-US/_About+Starbucks/Starbucks+in+ % 28your+country % 29. htm [ Accessed 21 Feb 2012 ]

How to be your own boss

How to be your own boss If you’ve ever had a job with a boss, you’ve probably had at least one of these thoughts at some point, especially on frustrating days: â€Å"I could be the boss, and do it better.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why don’t I do that?†And there are a few different ways to â€Å"do that.† One is to rise through the ranks, being a rockstar and getting promoted until get to that place where you’re in charge (though you’ll likely still be accountable to some level of management no matter what). The other way, the true independence route, is to say goodbye to working for others, and go into business for yourself. It’s not the easiest career path, or for everyone, but if this is truly your goal then we can help you figure out how to get started.Are you truly ready?Being your own boss sounds great, but if you’re not in a personal space where you’re mature or capable enough (yet) to handle the potentially large demands of running your own bus iness, it’s important to be honest about that up front. Management consultant Steve Tobak recommends starting with an honest assessment of how you are as an employee to see how well you might function in a situation where you’re depending on yourself to get everything done. For example, people who focus on responsibilities over branding and who seek achievements over power will likely be more successful when it comes time to assume responsibility for every aspect of a business. If you’re seeking to become your own boss just to be a boss (and not necessarily to take on additional responsibility), then this career change might not be the right move for you right now.It comes down to your personal temperament as well. If you do better when given a particular set of goals and benchmarks by someone else, you might struggle a bit when you need to generate those yourself. Or if you struggle with discipline and keeping on task during the workday, there’s a risk t hat the lack of outside constraints may feed your worst tendencies to procrastinate. Definitely ask yourself questions like:How do I respond to high-pressure situations?Do I get angry or upset easily?How effectively do I organize my to-do list and manage my time?How do I set boundaries in my life between work and personal space?Creating your own business requires a lot of honesty about your goals and your reality, as well as a lot of good old-fashioned hustle, since you don’t have the framework of an established company to handle things for you. You’re about to be the boss, but you’re also about to be Human Resources, the CFO, the IT department, and the one on the hook for every business decision. If that level of responsibility makes you a little queasy at this point, then maybe it’s best to table the idea for now and revisit in the future. But if you’re still thinking â€Å"bring it,† it’s time to start formulating your business pla n.Design a plan.Your next step should be deciding explicitly what it is you’ll be doing in your entrepreneurial business. Branding is great, but it comes later. The core business has to come first, so a solid plan is essential in making the decision to go rogue. Ask yourself these questions:What kind of service or product are you providing?Who will be your customers?What are you promising to those customers?What sets you apart from potentially similar vendors competing for the same customers?What are your short- and long-term goals for the business?What strategies do you have to achieve those goals?If you need help coming up with a business plan, there are a number of free and premium services online that can help you craft it, like LivePlan or Microsoft’s Dynamics 365. Every new business is a leap of faith, but you put yourself in a better position with the more information you have about your target audience, your market, and how you plan to develop your business bas ed on the market.Do a test run.Before you take the leap, think about doing a â€Å"soft launch† by creating your business as a side hustle, or a part-time commitment. This is a way of figuring out if this is the right path for you before you’ve committed fully to the idea of ditching your current path for the new one. Plus, it lets you start building a customer base and getting a real sense of what the market is really like- information that will be invaluable when you get to planning to do this full-time. Take a set amount of time to work on your business part-time, and then re-evaluate whether it makes sense to take it full-time. Sure, you’ll be in for a busy few months while you’re working on both, but consider it an essential research process to test the viability of your plan.Consider the money.Before you do anything drastic like quitting your current job, it’s important to do your homework on some baseline financial issues. Finances are an in credibly important consideration here- after all, this is your livelihood. And you’ll be the one writing the paychecks, so there’s not a lot of room for error here if you want to be able to keep your personal finances afloat. Gather your personal financial records and your favorite calculator, because it’s time to answer some brutally honest questions:Are there startup costs associated with your business idea? Will you need to buy specialized equipment or technology? Will you need to buy or rent a workspace? How much money would you need to have up front just to get started?What are the week-to-week operating costs?How long are you able to go without a paycheck, if your business is slow to develop? Do you have enough savings to get you by?Will you need to hire employees or contractors, or will it just be you? If it’s the latter, what can you afford to pay them?It may be that after your financial analysis, you find you aren’t quite ready to quit you r job and go it alone just yet. And that’s okay- it gives you more time to plan, set goals, and lay the groundwork for your business. What’s not quite right for now be much more viable in a year or two.Decide who’s on your team.Another essential element is your support network. Your company may be just you at first, and that’s a lot of pressure. What friends or family do you have in place to help provide a balance for that? Do you have people you trust who can listen to you and help you talk through decisions and provide valuable feedback?You should also start building your network in general, both using online social networks like LinkedIn and joining professional associations in your field. There are also organizations that specifically support small business owners, so you should do a little digging online to see if there are any specific to your field or your state/city/town.Build your brand.Self-marketing is going to be one of the best tools you have at your disposal as you get started with a new business. Creating dedicated social media profiles (apart from your personal ones) on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and whatever-platform-comes-next is a no-brainer. And make sure you stay engaged in those accounts, posting new content and updating the world on your achievements, expertise, and services.You’ll also need a website- ideally, one designed professionally. There are lots of hosting services that also help you build your sleek, functional site. This is not a job for your cousin’s friend’s roommate who wants to test out his design skills. Once you have your own URL and platform, you can use a blog, photo gallery, portfolio, and email to do outreach to potential customers.Get ready to make the transition.This is not the time for burning bridges, so you need to think about a careful transition from your current job to your entrepreneurship. This is especially true if your new company will be in th e same field. People talk, and other people who make ugly exits will be talked about. No matter how disgruntled you may be in your current gig, it’s important to exit gracefully. That means figuring out a timetable for quitting (potentially more than the standard two weeks) to figure out how to disentangle from your job. You may also want to consider asking your current boss if you can go part-time for a transition period. If that’s not an option, then a traditional exit is fine. You’ll need to give notice, and write a resignation letter. You don’t have to explicitly say what you’re doing next- â€Å"pursuing new opportunities† covers it.During this transition period, you should also see if there’s any fine print in your employment contract about pursuing clients or competitive job opportunities. Some companies have a â€Å"non-compete† clause that tries to limit what former employees can do in the same field.So what do you thi nk? Are you ready to make the transition from employee to boss? Or if not right now, is it something you can see in the near-ish future? We wish you all the best, entrepreneurs, and would love to hear what’s worked for you (and what hasn’t) in pursuit of being your own boss.

Social Networks are affecting negatively on relationships Essay

Social Networks are affecting negatively on relationships - Essay Example At the same time, many of the couples find that digital apparatus facilitate interaction and support. A majority of those in relationships maintain they operate separate email and social media accounts though a small number indicate that they share accounts. This paper looks to discuss the negative influence of the social networks on relationships. It is significant to note that social networks have negative effects that influence relationships negatively in a great way. One of the negative effects of the social networks on relationship is that it gives a false sense of association. Social networks make its hard to differentiate between the significant relations that couples foster in the actual globe, and the numerous casual relationships developed through social networks. By focusing so much of their time, resources and energy on the less important associations weaken their actual relationships in the real world. The real relations will weaken because of the less time, effort, and energy that they get. Less attention on the real relations and much attention on the casual relation across the social media in most cases have resulted in the death of many relations. Another negative influence of the social media on relationships concerns the issue of privacy. Social network sites inspire people to be more public concerning their private existence. The inspiration leads to many of the couples posting about their intimate details since it is simple to post them. What is more is that the issues they post remain accessible indefinitely. The details, in most case, have been found to prompt a negative backlash depending on the details that the couples posts. In return, the couples end up quarreling and fighting affecting their relations detrimentally. Social media affects the privacy of the relations, and it has brought many hurtful experiences to many couples across the globe. In addition, social networks have led to decreased

Business Ethics and SRI Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics and SRI - Literature review Example This emerging phenomenon is known as Socially Responsible Investment (Hicks,2003; Schueth, 2003) Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), also known as ethical investment, is an investment discipline that in addition to the risk and returns issues in investment, takes into account social or environmental issues. The difference between SRI and conventional investment is the employment of specific investment strategies. The purpose of such strategies is to select or exclude certain assets from investment portfolio. (Renneboog et al., 2008,p. 1723). It simply means that conventional investment strategies are considered natural—having financial return on investment at the core. However, SRI strategies are either socially sensitive or socially dictating(Hicks,2003; Schueth, 2003) SRI has three major distinctive techniques, which may overlap or follow one another. These are screening, activism, and cause-based investment( Spark and Cowton,2004; Vivers, 2007) . Further, SRI may be carr ied out at individual as well as institutional level. Individuals normally develop mutual funds whereas institutions execute it through charitable foundations and pension funds. Since its modern emergence, SRI, its strategies, its terminology and its definition have been under strong debates ( Spark and Cowton,2004; Schueth, 2003 Hicks,2003). ... At the end of this review , I shall present the growing importance of SRI at international level. 2. Definition and basic terminology 2.1. Business Ethics In current literature of business ethics, there are two major streams. One expects that business shall not be immoral enterprise and the second that consider the morality and self-interest at certain point sometime are opposite. ( Hicks,2003). The first group assume that business is amoral whereas second argue that if it is amoral it is immoral ( Hicks,2003).In current stream of business ethics literature second group is becoming dominant and either calls for the practice of personal values or even urges the investors to play an active role for the implementation of those values into the businesses.( Hicks,2003; Schueth, 2003, Vivers, 2007). 2.2. SRI and Other Terms There are various terms representing the concepts of business ethics. For instance, "Socially Responsible Investing" , "social investing," "socially aware investing," " ethical investing," "mission-based investing," and "double-bottom line investing.". These terms has been used interchangeably in literature (Pan and Mardfin ,2001; Schueth, 2003;Spark and Cowton,2004). However the two most common terms are â€Å"ethical investing† and â€Å"Socially Responsible Investment† (Spark and Cowton,2004, p 46). Term â€Å"ethical investment† is relatively older one and it reflects the fact that the movement was initially religiously motivated and churches played a vital role in the development of earliest ethical funds in UK, USA and Australia(Schueth, 2003; Spark and Cowton,2004). Later on, the term has gradually been replaced by Socially Responsible Investment (SRI). Many people have reservation on the use of

GFR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Controversial issues in psychology Essay Example for Free

Controversial issues in psychology Essay Controversial issues in psychology are those that cause the greatest concern within both psychology and within society as a whole. Advertising uses techniques of persuasion to manipulate peoples behaviour in the desired direction of the perpetrator of the persuasive message, which uses invasive and exploitative techniques and try to show that social norms and values are not always for the best. Advertisements are a set of shorthand signals about products we are to buy and the circumstances we would use them in. They are a ready source of stereotypes, sexual, regional and cultural, e. g. families are always happy and adults are always employed. The first advertisement on TV in the UK was for Gibbs SRs toothpaste. The ad has become an icon of the consumer age, and psychologists have become increasingly fascinated by the art of persuading people, despite its controversies. What persuades people to buy or use the advertisers product or service is how the advert makes them feel, i. e. the meaning we attach to the advert. However the advert is interpreted by the individual, the impact of any advertisement is what it means to us. The author invites us to participate in constructing a meaning for the advert. OBarr (1994) suggests that advertisers create an advertisement for us to use as a skeleton to add flesh to and breathe life into. Another area controversy in advertising is that it is difficult to disentangle the impact of advertising from other influences that might be current at that time. Hedges (1982) points out that to the consumers, advertising is just part of their background advertisements form just one part of the sensory bombardment that we experience every day. We cannot stop to evaluate every piece of sensory input, so for the most part, advertisements are relegated to fairly low levels of consciousness. Advertisers use many psychological theories to make their work successful, including associating their product with a particular emotion or image. A need for an item must be created, therefore we must be motivated. In the case of pre-existing needs, such as for bread, the motive must be to buy a particular brand (e. g. through price, quality). Where there is no pre-existing need, it must be created, as in the case of childrens toys. Neurological research has shown that the left hemisphere of the brain is more concerned with practical functions such as language, where styles of response are, foe example, verbal and analytic. The right hemisphere is more concerned with spatial, imaginative processing, where responses concern feelings and are, perhaps, unconscious. Lannon and Cooper (1983) suggested that because of this, much advertising is geared towards the right hemisphere. Fast marketing is a relatively new approach, which targets those that have developed brand loyalty and become offensive when they are offered a new alternative. This creates problems for advertisers trying to target new groups, so a blitz of free samples is distributed (fast marketing) so that everyone has a chance of trying out the new product. Consumers are then more likely to change their attitudes or opinions about the product, and so the advertisers will have succeeded. People are also more easily persuaded to change their minds after witnessing testimonials or adverts which use someone who they think is admirable or attractive, such as sports heroes or actresses (Pratkanis and Aronson, 1992). Advertisers typically pair an attractive person or item (unconditioned stimulus) with their product (conditioned stimulus) to produce a positive attitude towards their product (conditioned response). This helps to give positive attitudes towards the products.